Diagram of Hubble and cosmology

To dream an impossible dream

To carry the sorrow of the departures

To burn of a possible fever

to leave where nobody leaves

To like to the tear

To like, even too, even badly,

To try, without force and armour,

To reach inaccessible star

Such is my search,

To follow star

It does not matter my chances

Little imports me time

Or my désespérance

And then to always fight

Without questions nor rest

Damner

For the gold of a word of love

I do not know if I will be this hero

But my heart would be quiet

And the cities would be splashed with blue

Because unhappy

Still burn, although having any flaring

Burn still, even too, even badly

To reach to quarter itself some

To reach inaccessible star.

To dream an impossible dream, Jacques Brel

In this chapter, we detail how to leave, of the parameters of the lightcurves determined by using the methods presented in the preceding chapter, we built estimators of distance from our supernovæ remote. This estimate rests on the comparison with close supernovæ which are used as standard by fixing the value of the intrinsic luminosity to the maximum of luminosity and of the constant of Hubble.

We thus, starting from supernovæ close published, built a batch of a hundred objects with shifts lower than 0.02. These supernovæ was analyzed by using the same remote methods as our supernovæ.

Initially, we describe the construction of this batch of supernovæ close. Then, we detail how starting from their observations in the filters U, B and V, we built estimators of distance by using the relations of standardization described in chapter 6 .

In the second time, we present the diagrams of Hubble built by including Nos 6 supernovæ remote, out of B for 4 closer (2000fr, 2001go, 2001gq and 2001gy) and out of U for two more remote (2001gn and 2001hb) and 2000fr (which gained from observation out of V, R and I corresponding to the filters U, B and V in its reference frame).