Isotropy of the universe

The observation on all the celestial sphere of the cosmological diffuse bottom by COBE in 1992 (smoot1992), then by WMAP in 2003 (bennett200á) made it possible to show the extraordinary isotropy of the universe. Indeed, the emission relic, emitted in the form of a radiation of black body, present of the relative variations of temperature according to the direction of aiming about $10^{-5}$. Figure 1.1 shows these variations in temperature according to the direction of observation.

Figure 1.1: Chart of the anisotropies of the cosmological diffuse bottom measured by satellite WMAP. The fluctuations of temperatures are about $10^{-5}$